DC maras gogewa da injunan stepper na iya samun kulawa fiye da na'urar goga ta DC na gargajiya, amma ƙarshen na iya zama mafi kyawun zaɓi a wasu aikace-aikacen.

Yawancin masu zanen kaya da ke neman zaɓar ƙaramin motar DC - ƙaramin ko juzu'i mai ƙarfin doki, yawanci - yawanci suna kallon farko akan zaɓi biyu kawai: injin DC (BLDC) maras goge ko injin stepper.Wanne za a zaɓa ya dogara ne akan aikace-aikacen, kamar yadda BDLC gabaɗaya ya fi kyau don ci gaba da motsi yayin da injin stepper ya fi dacewa don sakawa, baya-da-gaba, da tsayawa/fara motsi.Kowane nau'in motar zai iya sadar da aikin da ake buƙata tare da mai sarrafawa daidai, wanda zai iya zama IC ko module dangane da girman motar da ƙayyadaddun bayanai.Ana iya fitar da waɗannan injina tare da “smarts” da aka saka a cikin keɓancewar sarrafa motsi na ICs ko na’ura mai sarrafawa tare da shigar da firmware.

Amma ku ɗan ɗanɗana kusa da sadaukarwar masu siyar da waɗannan injinan BLDC, kuma za ku ga kusan koyaushe suna ba da injunan goga na DC (BDC), waɗanda ke kusa da “har abada.”Wannan tsarin motar yana da dogon lokaci da kafaffen wuri a cikin tarihin ikon motsa jiki ta hanyar lantarki, domin shine farkon ƙirar injin lantarki kowane iri.Ana amfani da Dubun miliyoyin waɗannan injinan goga a kowace shekara don aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci, marasa mahimmanci kamar motoci.

An ƙirƙiri nau'ikan nau'ikan injunan goga na farko a farkon shekarun 1800 amma ƙarfafa ko da ƙaramin mota mai amfani yana da ƙalubale.Har yanzu ba a samar da janareton da ake buƙata don kunna su ba, kuma batir ɗin da ke akwai suna da iyakacin ƙarfi, girman girma, kuma har yanzu dole ne a “sake su” ko ta yaya.A ƙarshe, an shawo kan waɗannan matsalolin.A ƙarshen 1800s, injinan DC ɗin da aka goge wanda ya kai cikin dubun da ɗaruruwan ƙarfin dawakai an shigar da su gaba ɗaya;da yawa har yanzu ana amfani da su.

Motar DC mai goga ta asali tana buƙatar babu “lantarki” don yin aiki, saboda na'ura ce mai sarrafa kanta.Ka'idar aiki mai sauƙi ne, wanda shine ɗayan kyawawan halaye.Motar DC da aka goga tana amfani da motsi na inji don canza polarity na filin maganadisu na rotor (wanda ake kira armature) tare da stator.Sabanin haka, filin maganadisu na stator yana haɓaka ta ko dai naɗaɗɗen wutan lantarki (a tarihi) ko na zamani, ƙaƙƙarfan maganadisu na dindindin (don yawancin aiwatarwa na yau) (Hoto na 1).

Ma'amala da maimaita jujjuyawar filin maganadisu tsakanin rotor coils a kan armature da kafaffen filin stator yana haifar da ci gaba da jujjuyawar motsi.Ayyukan commutation da ke juyar da filin rotor ana yin su ta hanyar lambobi ta jiki (wanda ake kira brushes), waɗanda ke taɓawa da kawo ƙarfi ga coils na sulke.Jujjuyawar motar ba wai kawai tana ba da motsin injin da ake so ba har ma da sauyawa na polarity na rotor coil da ake buƙata don haifar da jan hankali / tsawa game da kafaffen filin stator - kuma, ba a buƙatar na'urorin lantarki, kamar yadda ake amfani da wadatar DC kai tsaye zuwa ga stator coil windings (idan akwai) da goge.

Ana samun ainihin sarrafa saurin gudu ta hanyar daidaita ƙarfin lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi, amma wannan yana nuna ɗaya daga cikin gazawar injin da aka goga: ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki yana rage saurin (wanda shine niyya) kuma yana rage karfin juzu'i, wanda yawanci sakamakon da ba a so.Amfani da gogaggen injin da aka kunna kai tsaye daga layin dogo na DC gabaɗaya abin karɓa ne kawai a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun aikace-aikace kamar aikin ƙananan kayan wasan yara da nunin raye-raye, musamman idan ana buƙatar sarrafa saurin.

Sabanin haka, injin ɗin da ba shi da buroshi yana da ɗimbin nau'ikan coils na lantarki (sanduna) da aka kafa a kusa da cikin gida, kuma ana haɗe magneto mai ƙarfi na dindindin zuwa madaidaicin jujjuyawar (hoto) (Hoto 2).Yayin da sandunan ke ba da kuzari a jere ta hanyar lantarki mai sarrafawa (lantarki commutation - EC), filin maganadisu da ke kewaye da rotor yana jujjuyawa don haka yana jawo / kori rotor tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwa, wanda aka tilasta bin filin.

Tuƙi na yanzu na sandunan motar BLDC na iya zama raƙuman murabba'i, amma hakan ba shi da inganci kuma yana haifar da rawar jiki, don haka yawancin ƙira suna amfani da sigar raƙuman raƙuman ruwa tare da sifar da aka keɓance don haɗin da ake so na ingancin lantarki da daidaiton motsi.Bugu da ari, mai sarrafawa zai iya daidaita tsarin igiyar ruwa mai kuzari don farawa mai sauri kuma mai santsi yana tsayawa ba tare da wuce gona da iri ba ga masu ɗaukar nauyi na inji.Ana samun bayanan martaba daban-daban da hanyoyin da suka dace da matsayi na mota da saurin gudu zuwa buƙatun aikace-aikacen.

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