Fahimtar Yanayin Aiki Motocin DC da

Dabarun Ka'ida na Gudu

;

Motocin DC injina ne a ko'ina da ake samu a cikin kayan aikin lantarki iri-iri da ake amfani da su a aikace-aikace daban-daban.

Yawanci, waɗannan injinan ana tura su cikin kayan aiki waɗanda ke buƙatar wani nau'i na sarrafa juyi ko motsi.Motoci na yanzu kai tsaye sune mahimman abubuwa a yawancin ayyukan injiniyan lantarki.Samun kyakkyawar fahimta game da aikin motar DC da ka'idojin saurin mota yana ba injiniyoyi damar tsara aikace-aikacen da ke samun ingantaccen sarrafa motsi.

Wannan labarin zai yi nazari sosai kan nau'ikan injinan DC da ake da su, da yanayin aikin su, da yadda ake samun sarrafa saurin gudu.

Menene DC Motors?

KamarMotocin AC, DC Motors kuma suna canza makamashin lantarki zuwa makamashin injina.Ayyukan su shine juzu'in janareta na DC wanda ke samar da wutar lantarki.Ba kamar injinan AC ba, injinan DC suna aiki akan wutar DC – ba sinusoidal ba, ikon unidirectional.

Gine-gine na asali

Ko da yake an kera motocin DC ta hanyoyi daban-daban, duk sun ƙunshi sassa na asali masu zuwa:

• Rotor (bangaren injin da ke juyawa; wanda kuma aka sani da "armature")
• Stator (juyin filin, ko ɓangaren "tsaye" na motar)
• Commutator (ana iya gogewa ko ba tare da goge ba, ya danganta da nau'in motar)
• Filin maganadisu (ba da filin maganadisu wanda ke juya axle da aka haɗa da na'ura mai juyi)

A aikace, injinan DC suna aiki bisa hulɗar da ke tsakanin filayen maganadisu da aka samar ta hanyar jujjuyawar armature da na stator ko ƙayyadaddun bangaren.

Mai kula da injin goga mara ƙarfi na DC.Hoton da aka yi amfani da shi na ladabiKenzi Mudge.

Ƙa'idar Aiki

Motocin DC suna aiki akan ka'idar Faraday na electromagnetism wanda ya bayyana cewa madugu mai ɗaukar nauyi yana samun ƙarfi lokacin da aka sanya shi cikin filin maganadisu.A cewar Fleming's "Dokar hannun hagu don injinan lantarki," motsin wannan jagorar koyaushe yana kan hanyar da ta dace daidai da na yanzu da filin maganadisu.

Ta hanyar lissafi, zamu iya bayyana wannan ƙarfin a matsayin F = BIL (inda F ke da karfi, B shine filin maganadisu, na tsaya don halin yanzu, kuma L shine tsawon jagoran).

Nau'in Motocin DC

Motocin DC suna faɗuwa cikin nau'o'i daban-daban, dangane da gininsu.Mafi yawan nau'ikan sun haɗa da goge ko goge, maganadisu na dindindin, jeri, da layi ɗaya.

Motoci masu gogewa da Brushless

Motar DC mai gogayana amfani da nau'i-nau'i na graphite ko carbon goge waɗanda aka yi don gudanarwa ko isar da halin yanzu daga kayan ɗamara.Waɗannan goge baki yawanci ana ajiye su a kusa da mai wucewa.Sauran ayyuka masu amfani na goge-goge a cikin injinan dc sun haɗa da tabbatar da aiki maras kyalkyali, sarrafa alkiblar halin yanzu yayin jujjuyawa, da kiyaye tsaftar mahaɗar.

Motocin DC marasa gogewaba ya ƙunshi carbon ko graphite goge.Yawancin lokaci suna ƙunshe da maganadisu ɗaya ko fiye na dindindin waɗanda ke jujjuya su a kusa da kafaffen abin hannu.A wurin goge-goge, injinan DC marasa goga suna amfani da da'irori na lantarki don sarrafa alkiblar juyawa da sauri.

Motocin Magnet na Dindindin

Motocin maganadisu na dindindin sun ƙunshi na'ura mai juyi kewaye da maganadisu na dindindin guda biyu masu adawa da juna.Abubuwan maganadisu suna ba da jujjuyawar filin maganadisu lokacin da aka wuce dc, wanda ke haifar da na'ura mai jujjuyawa don jujjuyawa a cikin agogon agogo ko gaba da agogo, ya danganta da polarity.Babban fa'idar wannan nau'in motar shine cewa yana iya aiki akan saurin aiki tare tare da mitoci akai-akai, yana ba da damar ingantaccen tsarin saurin gudu.

Series-rauni DC Motors

Series Motors suna da stator (yawanci sanya na jan karfe sanduna) windings da filin windings (Copper coils) hade a jere.Saboda haka, ƙwanƙwasa armature na yanzu da igiyoyin filin suna daidai.Babban halin yanzu yana gudana kai tsaye daga wadatar zuwa cikin iskan filin wanda ya fi kauri da ƙasa da injunan shunt.Kauri daga cikin iska na filin yana ƙara ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya na motar kuma yana samar da filayen maganadisu masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke ba jerin injinan DC babbar juzu'i.

Shunt DC Motors

Motar shunt DC tana da haɗin kai da iskar filin da aka haɗa a layi daya.Saboda haɗin kai tsaye, duka iskar gas suna karɓar irin ƙarfin lantarki iri ɗaya, kodayake suna jin daɗi daban.Shunt Motors yawanci suna da ƙarin jujjuyawar iska fiye da jerin injinan da ke haifar da filaye masu ƙarfi yayin aiki.Shunt Motors na iya samun kyakkyawan tsarin saurin gudu, har ma da nau'ikan kaya daban-daban.Duk da haka, yawanci ba su da babban ƙarfin farawa na jerin motoci.

Mota da da'irar sarrafa gudun da aka sanya a cikin ƙaramin rawar soja.Hoton da aka yi amfani da shi na ladabiDilshan R. Jayakody

Ikon Gudun Mota na DC

Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda uku don cimma ƙa'idar saurin sauri a cikin jerin injinan DC - sarrafa kwarara, sarrafa wutar lantarki, da sarrafa juriya na armature.

1. Hanyar Kula da Flux

A cikin hanyar sarrafa juzu'i, an haɗa rheostat (nau'in resistor mai canzawa) a cikin jeri tare da iskar filin.Manufar wannan bangaren shine don ƙara juriya a cikin iska wanda zai rage motsi, saboda haka ƙara saurin motar.

2. Hanyar Ka'idar Wutar Lantarki

Hanyar ƙa'ida mai canzawa yawanci ana amfani da ita a cikin injin shunt dc.Akwai, kuma, hanyoyi guda biyu don cimma ikon sarrafa wutar lantarki:

• Haɗa filin shunt zuwa ƙayyadaddun wutar lantarki mai ban sha'awa yayin samar da armature tare da ƙarfin lantarki daban-daban (aka sarrafa wutar lantarki da yawa)
• Canza wutar lantarki da aka kawo wa sulke (aka hanyar Ward Leonard)

3. Hanyar Kula da Juriya na Armature

Ƙarfin juriya na armmature yana dogara ne akan ka'idar cewa saurin motar yana daidai da EMF na baya.Don haka, idan wutar lantarkin wadata da juriya na armature ana kiyaye su a kan ƙima akai-akai, saurin injin zai kasance daidai da na yanzu.

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